染料

染料 (rǎn liào) translates to "dye" in English. It refers to a substance used to color fabrics, materials, or other surfaces. Unlike pigments, dyes typically penetrate the material rather than sitting on its surface.

The character 染 (rǎn) means "to dye" or "to stain," while 料 (liào) means "material" or "substance." Together, they form a term that specifically refers to coloring agents used in textile production and other industries.

染料 is commonly used in the context of fabric dyeing, art, and industrial applications. In Chinese culture, the use of natural dyes from plants and minerals has a long history, and this term remains relevant in both traditional and modern settings.